干旱年型播前土壤底墒、播种密度及灌水对冬小麦的产量效应

Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(2011)

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Abstract
为明确播前底墒、播种密度和生育期灌水对冬小麦的产量效应,于2008-2009年度,采用3因素裂区设计进行了试验和分析比较,结果表明,在小麦全生育期降水92.5 mm的干旱年型,播前土壤底墒(2 m土层内)由518 mm增至541 mm,产量提高14.7%;再进一步增至560 mm,增产甚微(0.4%)。在较低底墒基础上增加23 mm,增产1 180.9 kg/hm2,供水效率增量为51.3 kg/(hm2.mm)。低墒条件下增加密度和灌水增产较为明显,但改善播前底墒的增产作用显著高于生育期播种密度和增灌开花水的作用。因此,播前造墒是实现小麦节水高产的重要措施。在底墒较低情况下通过增加密度和灌水,部分补偿底墒的不足而提高产量。
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Key words
Winter wheat,Yield,Pre-planting soil moisture,Irrigation at growth stage,Planting density
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