A Fifth-Order G $_{\rm m}$ –C Continuous-Time $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulator With Process-Insensitive Input Linear Range

Continuous-time ¿¿ modulators (CT-DSMs) that use transistor-based Gm-C integrators are simple but sensitive to process and temperature variations. Their performance depends heavily on the input linear range that varies widely. A CT-DSM is implemented using a triode Gm-C integrator and a tri-level switched-capacitor digital-to-analog converter (SCDAC). A self-scaling SCDAC keeps the input signal ra...