Long-term implications of an abnormal intrauterine environment

Purpose of review Our purpose here is to highlight selected literature published in 2004 on obesity and diabetes that further characterizes these major public health problems. Recent findings Rates of obesity continue to increase; excessive caloric intake and insufficient vigorous physical activity are important factors for the development of obesity. Both the United States Preventive Services Task Force and the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed recommendations and strategies to deal with obesity. Diabetes rates have also continued to increase. Several risk factors for developing diabetes have been characterized. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among persons with diagnosed diabetes have declined in recent decades and the risk of developing CVD from hyperglycemia has been further characterized. A randomized controlled trial of a lipid-lowering statin in persons with diabetes found it effective in reducing the occurrence of major CVD events as well as mortality. Finally, a common agenda has been developed among three US agencies to enhance efforts in preventing diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Summary The dual epidemics of obesity and diabetes are major public health issues that will continue into the future. Policies to detect and address obesity are emerging along with a better understanding of risk factors for the development of diabetes.