Harnessing the tumour-derived cytokine, CSF-1, to co-stimulate T-cell growth and activation
Molecular Immunology(2008)
Abstract
Aberrant growth factor production is a prevalent mechanism in tumourigenesis. If T-cells responded positively to a cancer-derived cytokine, this might result in selective enhancement of function within the tumour microenvironment. Here, we have chosen colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) as a candidate to test this concept. CSF-1 is greatly overproduced in many cancers but has no direct effects upon T-lymphocytes, which do not express the c-fms-encoded CSF-1 receptor. To confer CSF-1-responsiveness, we have expressed the human c-fms gene in immortalized and primary T-cells. Addition of soluble CSF-1 resulted in synergistic enhancement of IL-2-driven T-cell proliferation. CSF-1 also co-stimulated the production of interferon (IFN)-γ by activated T-cells. These effects required Y809 of the CSF-1R and activation of the Ras-MEK-MAP kinase cascade, but were independent of PI3K signalling. T-cells that express c-fms are also responsive to membrane-anchored CSF-1 (mCSF-1) which, unlike its soluble counterpart, could co-stimulate IL-2 production. CSF-1 promoted chemotaxis of c-fms-expressing primary human T-cells and greatly augmented proliferation mediated by a tumour-targeted chimeric antigen receptor, with preservation of tumour cytolytic activity. Taken together, these data establish that T-cells may be genetically modified to acquire responsiveness to CSF-1 and provide proof-of-principle for a novel strategy to enhance the effectiveness of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.
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Key words
CAR,CSF-1(R),CTL,(e)GFP,EMCV,Erk,FGF(1R),IFN,IL,IRES,MAP(K),mCSF-1,MHC,PI3K,PSMA,RTK,TCR,TGF
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