Village dogs at the pacific coast of Mexico: socialization toward humans and human-dog interactions

the primitive and molossoid group. No breed group differences emerged in 2-month-old puppies. In Study 2, 47 4-month-old puppies and 47 adult dogs balanced for breeds were tested. Our results show age differences in the unsolvable trial, with adult spending more time gazing at the researcher (dev 5 6.99, df 5 1, P 5 , 0.001), the owner (dev 5 17.46, df 5 1, P 5 ,0.001) and the apparatus (dev 5 12.44, df 5 1, P 5 , 0.001). Furthermore, adult dogs carried out a greater number of gaze alternations between the experimenter and the bowl (dev 5 14.72, df 5 1, P 5 , 0.001) and the owner and the bowl (dev 5 11.88, df 5 1, P , 0.001) than did puppies. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects influence the dog’s performance in this socio-cognitive task.