The Effect of Environment on Molecular Structure: The Crystalline-State Stereochemistry ofN-Methylated Adamantane 1,3-Diammonium Salts

The expected achiral C(2 nu)-symmetry was observed by solution-state (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic measurements performed for each of the N-methylated 1,3-diaminoadamantane diammonium salts studied. 1,3-Diaminoadamantane dihydrochloride crystallized in the orthorhombic achiral system Pna2(1) and at 294(2) K: a = 10.910(1) angstrom, b = 15.515(2) angstrom, c = 7.246(1) angstrom, V = 1226.5(3) angstrom(3), and Z = 4. N,N',N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,3-diaminoadamantane dihydrochloride gave monohydrate crystals in the monoclinic achiral system C2/c and at 173(2) K: a = 17.482(2) angstrom, b = 22.194(2) angstrom, c = 9.660(1) angstrom, beta = 120.173(2)degrees, V = 3240.2(6) angstrom(3), and Z = 8. N,N,N,N',N'-N'-Hexamethyl-1,3-diaminoadamantane diiodide afforded monohydrate crystals in the orthorhombic chiral system P2(1)2(1)2(1) and at 298(2) K: a = 9.6400(10) angstrom, b = 13.982(2) angstrom, c = 15.601(2) angstrom, V = 2102.8(5) angstrom(3), and Z = 4. 5,7,N,N,N,N',N',N'-Octamethyl-1,3-diaminoadamantane dibromide gave dihydrate crystals belonging to the triclinic achiral system P! and at 294(2) K: a = 9.154(1) angstrom, b = 14.825(2) angstrom, c = 16.722(2) angstrom, alpha = 108.774(2)degrees, beta = 90.969(2)degrees, gamma = 90.791(2)degrees, V = 2147.8(5) angstrom(3), and Z = 4. All the diammonium dications in these crystals occupied "general positions of symmetry" within the crystal lattice, which resulted in their complete desymmetrization to Cl-symmetry. Their molecular geometries still exhibited some degree of "pseudosymmetry", since the distortions were fairly small in magnitude. Continuous symmetry measures (CSM) were made to study the effect of the crystal lattice environment upon the distortion of the molecular structure. The CSM showed that the crystalline diammonium salts were either predominantly C(2) pseudosymmetric if the N-methylated ammonium units were skewed in the same directions, or predominantly C(s) pseudosymmetric (sigma(perpendicular to)) if these units were twisted in opposite directions. In the crystalline compounds studied in this series, there were no examples with predominantly pseudomirror symmetry via a sigma(||)-plane encompassing both nitrogen atoms, since this would have required a chemical (structural) constraint in favor a staggered arrangement for the C-N(+)-C-C-C-N(+)-C fragment that was not obligated by the local site asymmetric environments in the various crystals. The values of S(total), the total CSM distortion from solution-state ideal C(2 nu)-symmetry exhibited by the general positioned dication moieties, were augmented with increasing N-methylation, while the relationships between the two external periphery subunits [R(1)R(2)R(3)N(1) and N(2)R(1)R(2)R(3)] became more distorted than those of the adamantane C(10) core fragments.