Biological membrane with antimicrobial activity with vancomycin and silver nanoparticles for guided bone regeneration – development and clinical study

Purpose This study focused on the development of a novel biological membrane with enhanced antimicrobial properties by incorporating either vancomycin (VAN) or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods Pericardial samples were impregnated with either AgNPs or VAN. The antimicrobial activity of the membranes was assessed using qualitative microbiological analysis, biofilm production, and an in vivo animal model of infection. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface morphology and confirm the impregnation of AgNPs. Histological and microbiological analysis was conducted on animal model, and a biocompatibility evaluation was performed. A pilot study in humans for guided bone regeneration with a membrane was conducted using a commercial membrane as a control. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests. Results Microbiological tests confirmed that VAN and AgNP collagen membranes exhibited antimicrobial activity. Histological analysis indicated a minimal inflammatory response and bacterial presence in VAN; however, AgNPs were associated with mild to moderate inflammation. The biomechanical characteristics were preserved. The patients included in the study presented outcomes like those with VAN-impregnated and commercial membranes. Significances The use of lyophilized and decellularized bovine pericardium as a substrate, combined with the incorporation of VAN, provides a versatile platform for combating infections associated with medical implants.