MENOPAVZA V SLOVENIJI: ZNAČILNOSTI ŽENSK IN POJAVNOST PERIMENOPAVZNIH SIMPTOMOV MENOPAUSE IN SLOVENIA: WOMEN'S CHARACTERISTICS AND THE FREQUENCY OF PERIMENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS

Abstract - Abstract - Abstract - Abstract - Background. We designed the study to determine the frequency of perimenopausal symtoms among women in Slovenia and the need for their treatement. Methods. In the research 578 women aged 45-54 years were included during their visit at one of 24 participating out- patient department clinics for women's health in Slovenia. The women were interwieved by one of 31 gynecologists par- ticipating in the study. Results. The mean age of women was 49.6 years. Almost a half (48%) have still had regular periods, 29% were postmeno- pausal. The median age at menopause was 52.4 years. The major perimenopausal features were nervouseness (72%), anxiety (64%), sweating (63%), insomnia (60%) and head- ache (56%), less frequent were stomach pressure (35%), skin changes (32%) and dispareunia (24%). One-fifth (21%) of women were smokers (smokers had lower age at menopause as non-smokers, p = 0.01). One third (39%) currently took analgetics, 19% antihypertensives, 16% tranquillisers and 22% hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). The majority (81%) of women on HRT have found the HRT effects positive or very positive. Conclusions. The high rate of perimenopausal features among perimenopausal women in Slovenia deserves special atten- tion. The study has also shown that the use of HRT is justified when indicated. Ključne besede: Ključne besede: Ključne besede: Ključne besede: Ključne besede: starost ob menopavzi; perimenopavza; pre- hrana; perimenopavzni simptomi; hormonsko nadomestno zdravljenje Izvleček - Izvleček - Izvleček - Izvleček - Izvleček - Izhodišča. V raziskavi smo želeli ugotoviti pojav- nost perimenopavznih simptomov med ženskami v Sloveniji in oceniti potrebo po zdravljenju simptomov. Metode. V raziskavo smo vključili 578 žensk, starih 45-54 let, ki so se odzvale na naše povabilo na anketiranje v času njihovega obiska pri izbranem ginekologu v letu 2000. V iz- polnjevanju ankete je sodelovalo 31 ginekologov iz 24 dispan- zerjev za ženske oz. ginekoloških ambulant v Sloveniji. Rezultati. Povprečna starost žensk je bila 49,6 let, skoraj polo- vica (48%) je še imela redne menstruacije, 29% pa jih je bilo v pomenopavzi. Srednja starost ob menopavzi je bila 52,4 let. Najpogostejši perimenopavzni simptomi so bili nervoznost (72%), zaskrbljenost (64%), znojenje (63%), nespečnost (60%) in glavobol (56%), redkeje pa tiščanje v želodcu (35%), spre- membe na koži (32%) in dispareunija (24%). Petina (21%) žensk je bilo kadilk (kadilke se imele nižjo starost ob meno- pavzi kot nekadilke, p = 0,01). Tretjina žensk (39%) je jemala analgetike, 19% antihipertenzive, 16% pomirjevala in 22% hormonsko nadomestno zdravljenje (HNZ). Večina žensk (81%), ki so kdajkoli jemale HNZ, je učinek HNZ ocenilo kot dober oz. zelo dober. Zaključki. Visok delež perimenopavznih simptomov med pe- rimenopavznimi ženskami v Sloveniji zasluži posebno po- zornost. Raziskava je pokazala, da je HNZ učinkovito pri od- pravljanju perimenopavznih simptomov.