Comparación de un programa de rehabilitación domiciliario con uno hospitalario en pacientes con EPOC: estudio multicéntrico español

Resultados Se aleatorizó a 28 pacientes en el GH y a 23 en el GD. Ambos grupos mostraron una mejoría similar en la prueba de la marcha de 6 min (diferencia media de 8,7 m; p = 0,61). A pesar de que en ambos grupos mejoró la CVRS, medida con el Cuestionario de Enfermedad Respiratoria Crónica (CRQ), se objetivó un incremento mayor en el área de función emocional para el GH (diferencia media entre grupos: 0,58, en una escala donde un valor de 0,5 representa la diferencia mínima importante). Los beneficios del programa se mantuvieron en ambos grupos hasta 6 meses después de finalizarlo. Conclusiones El estudio muestra que un programa domiciliario de rehabilitación respiratoria sin supervisión produce una mejoría similar en la capacidad de esfuerzo de los pacientes con EPOC que un programa intensivo hospitalario. Sin embargo, éste alcanza mayores beneficios en el área de la función emocional de la CVRS. Objective To compare the effects of a simple home pulmonary rehabilitation program and an intensive hospital-based program in terms of the exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients and methods Patients in this prospective, multicenter trial were randomized to 2 groups to receive hospital or home pulmonary rehabilitation. Patients in both groups attended 2 informative sessions about the disease and 4 physical therapy sessions. Patients in the hospital group then carried out a structured exercise program while home group patients performed low intensity exercises at home without supervision. Results Twenty-eight patients were randomized to the hospital rehabilitation group and 23 to the home group. Both groups showed a similar improvement on the 6-minute walk test (mean difference, 8.7 m; P =.61). HRQOL measured with the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire also improved in both groups, but the change was greater on the emotional function domain in the hospital rehabilitation group (mean difference between groups, 0.58 on a scale for which the smallest clinically relevant difference is 0.5 points). The benefits were maintained in both groups 6 months after the programs ended. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the improvement in exercise tolerance achieved by COPD patients with an unsupervised home pulmonary rehabilitation program is similar to the gains of patients in an intensive hospital-based program. However, the hospital program afforded greater benefit on the HRQOL emotional function domain. 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