Antibody affinity disturbance in the immunoglobulin immune response to mucosal antigenic stimulation in lung cancer. The Betalactoglobulin Model.

Background. This study is a continuation of a recent study, in which a defect in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to some natural antigens (bovine betalactoglobulin [BLG] from cow's milk and antigen p1 from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), usually presented at the mucosal level, was documented in lung cancer patients. The present study further characterizes this difference in terms of antibody relative functional affinity in the BLG model. Methods. Relative functional affinity was evaluated by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in terms of the relationship between specific IgG retention, assessed with peroxidase-labeled protein A, and serial dilutions of IgG fractions isolated from 24 sera from lung cancer patients and 24 sera from healthy control subjects matched for their anti-BLG IgG antibody titers. The procedure was performed in the presence and absence of low concentrations of diethylamine, which was expected to prevent low-affinity antigen-antibody binding without affecting the binding of high-affinity antibodies. Anti-BLG IgG antibody affinity also was evaluated in 25 patients with early-stage lung cancer, before and after (5 +/- 1 week) complete surgical excision of the tumor. Results. Results, expressed as the slope of the binding curves and their leftward shift induced by diethylamine, showed different antibody populations between the two groups. Control sera showed a heterogeneous population of anti-BLG IgG antibodies, including antibodies of higher (steeper slope) and lower (more gradual slope) functional affinity. Cancer sera exhibited a less heterogeneous population of anti-BLG IgG antibodies, mostly with lower functional affinity. No change was observed in anti-BLG IgG antibody affinity in the 25 lung cancer patients tested 5 +/- 1 week after complete surgical excision of the tumor, Conclusions. These results document a persistent qualitative immunologic disturbance in patients with lung cancer, regardless of the type and extent of tumor. The potential relationship between this observation and the development of lung cancer, however, is presently unknown.