Nucleolar and nuclear aberrations in human lox tumor cells following treatment with p120 antisense oligonucleotide ISIS-3466.

Previous reports from this laboratory have shown marked cytocidal effects of the ISIS-3466 antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide to the human nucleolar protein p120 on human cancer cell lines in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo in an i.p./i.p. LOX cell model (L. Perlaky et al. Anti-Cancer Drug Design 8:3-14, 1993). In this study, light and fluorescence microscopy showed that the number of LOX cells in mitosis decreased by 50% after incubation for 4 h in 0.2-0.4 mu M antisense oligonucleotide; a 70% reduction in cell number was found from 8-72 h post-treatment. In addition, marked unravelling of nucleolar structures and chromatin fragmentation was found after a 4-h incubation. The nucleolar unravelling occurred in varying degrees ranging from partial unfolding to almost complete separation of the strands of nucleolar residues. Twenty four hours post-treatment, immunofluorescence staining with the anti-p120 monoclonal antibody showed reduced nucleolar protein p120 and translocation of the p120 protein from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm. Analysis of the mechanisms of the nucleolar unravelling and inhibition of mitosis will provide further understanding of the cytocidal effects of the ISIS-3466 antisense oligonucleotide.