Large-scale expression screening by automated whole-mount in situ hybridization.

Gene expression profiling is an important component of functional genomics. We present a time and cost efficient high-throughput whole-mount in situ technique to perform a large-scale gene expression analysis in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos. Medaka is a model system ideally suited for the study of molecular genetics of vertebrate development. Random cDNA clones from an arrayed stage 20 medaka plasmid library were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization on embryos of three representative stages of medaka development. cDNA inserts were colony PCR amplified in a 384-format. The PCR products were used to generate over 2000 antisense RNA digoxigenin probes in a high-throughput process. Whole-mount in situ hybridization was carried out in a robot and a broad range of expression patterns was observed. Partial cDNA sequences and expression patterns were documented with BLAST results, cluster analysis, images and descriptions, respectively; collectively this information was entered into a web-based database, ‘MEPD’ (http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/mepd/), that is publicly accessible.