Pathogenic Roles Of Ca2+ And Ion Channels In Hypoxia-Mediated Pulmonary Hypertension
TEXTBOOK OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE(2011)
摘要
Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension (CHPH), which occurs in residents living in high altitude and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and sleep-disordered breathing. The pathogenic mechanisms of CHPH are unclear, but involve sustained vasoconstriction and excessive vascular remodeling. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](cyt)) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and an important stimulus for vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Multiple ion channels in the plasma membrane participate in the regulation of [Ca2+](cyt), while hypoxia upregulates Ca2+ channels and downregulates K+ channels in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. This chapter discusses the potential mechanism by which hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension via modulating Ca2+ and K+ channel expression and function, and regulating intracellular Ca2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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关键词
Hypoxia,Voltage-gated K+ channel,Store-operated Ca2+ channel,Receptor-operated Ca2+ channel,Membrane potential,Pulmonary vasoconstriction
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