Clinical Value Of Burgers Concept As Applied In Franks Lead System

1.1. In each of 156 cases, including 30 normal adults and 126 cardiac patients, vectorcardiograms were taken by three methods, i.e., Frank's, Burch's, and Grishman's methods, and standard 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded. Burch's and Grishman's vector loops were projected into the conventional lead axes and Frank's vector loops into the lead vectors, and the patterns of ventricular complex thus obtained were compared with actual corresponding electrocardiograms.2.2. It was found that the patterns derived from Frank's vector loops showed a much better conformity to the actual electrocardiograms than did those from the vector loops by the other two methods.3.3. This good conformity of Frank's vector loops in a number of cases shows that, even though Frank's image surface was obtained from a few individuals, it is applicable to the majority, both healthy persons and cardiac patients. It suggests also the clinical usefulness of Burger's concept.4.4. Moreover, such conformity of Frank's vector loops increased the clinical value of his lead system of vectorcardiography.5.5. It was pointed out that frontal vector loops by Burch's method should theoretically conform completely with limb lead electrocardiograms regardless of whether Einthoven's triangle does or does not apply to the actual human body. The excellent conformity was also actually verified. This fact gives a strong point, in a sense, to Burch's lead system of vectorcardiography, in so far as its frontal plane is concerned.