Generation of dislocations during plastic deformation

The models of dislocation generation during plastic deformation are reviewed. The different types of dislocation generation, i.e. localized Frank–Read sources and multiplication by the double-cross slip mechanism, are observed in ceramic single crystals, semiconductors, metals, intermetallics and quasicrystals during in situ deformation in a high-voltage electron microscope. The results are discussed with respect to the ability of cross slip in different materials.