Design and simulation of a universal N-bit binary encoder using single electron linear threshold gates

The Single-Electron (SE) Linear Threshold Gate (LTG) is one of the basic functional Single-Electron Nano-Devices (SENDs). In this paper, using a SE LTG as the basic building block in an artificial neural network (ANN) is reviewed. A universal SE ANN 2-bit (4-to-2) binary encoder, which is composed of only two SE LTGs, is designed. The detailed schematic diagrams along with the corresponding SIMON 2 simulation results (that include input and output signals as well as the stability diagrams) of the designed binary encoder are included. The proposed SE ANN 2-bit binary encoder can easily be generalized to design n-bit binary encoders. As an example of this generalization, a SE ANN 3-bit (8-to-3) binary encoder, which is composed of three SE LTGs, is designed and its SIMON 2 simulation results are presented. This design is compared with the previously reported C-SET 3-bit binary encoder.