His research focuses on harnessing antiviral immune responses for HIV vaccine development or cure, the implications of HIV diversity for epidemic spread, pathogenesis and immune control and the impact of HIV infection on antituberculosis immune control mechanisms. He has been involved in characterizing adaptive immune responses, intrinsic and host restriction factors involved in innate immune resistance to HIV, host genetic factors in HIV pathogenesis and viral adaptation to host immune responses. His work has exclusively focused on understudied populations and viral strains in resource-limited, high burden settings where knowledge of the role of antiviral immune responses, viral strains and associated genetic factors is likely to yield the greatest impact for biomedical interventions such as vaccines. He has expertise in virology, immunology and virus/host interactions.