Stephen M. Clifford

Stephen M. Clifford received the Ph.D. degree in astronomy from the University of Massachusetts in 1984. Currently, he is a Senior Staff Scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute/USRA, Houston, TX. His primary area of interest is the nature, evolution, and geophysical investigation of planetary volatiles, with a special emphasis on Mars. His research has included the modeling of H2O transport in cold planetary regoliths; thermal modeling of planetary surfaces; glacial flow and polar evolution; the thermal, seismic, and hydrologic effects of impact cratering; low-temperature hydrothermal convection; the formation and stability of gas hydrates; large-scale groundwater transport; and radar investigations of the subsurface geology and hydrology of Mars.