My primary focus is the optimization of drug therapy using quantitative models of drug disposition (pharmacokinetics) and action (pharmacodynamics), including physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, to integrate in vitro and in vivo data, leading to better understanding of drug disposition and effect. Patient-specific variables including demographic and pharmacogenetic factors are incorporated into the models to identify individuals most likely to respond to drug therapy or who are at most risk of experiencing an adverse event. Also use physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models to examine changes in drug metabolism and disposition in various populations, including pregnant women and children.