I developed and tested the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an adherence to ART treatment intervention, called “Life-Steps” using a cognitive-behavioral which is now used all over the world, including by MSF treatment clinics in S. Africa. Shortly thereafter, I completed a second RCT of an adherence intervention, which addressed the frequently identified problem of “forgetting” to take one’s medications. This was an internet-based pager system.