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During the next 50 years, we need to produce more food than in the entire history of humankind on a decreasing amount of land for crop production. A major challenge for the 21st century is to increase the yields of major crop plants, such as soybean, using state-of-the-art genetic technologies. One way to accomplish this task is to use genomics to understand all of the genes required to “make a seed” in order to engineer plants for yield traits such as more seeds, bigger seeds, and seeds with improved nutritional composition. Increasing seed yield should contribute significantly to enhancing our food supply, because over half of the major crops used for human consumption are seed crops. My laboratory has been investigating gene activity during seed development in order to identify the genes and gene regulatory networks required to program seed development. We have been using laser microdissection (LCM) and GeneChip microarray experiments to profile the mRNAs present in every soybean and Arabidopsis seed compartment (e.g., embryo, endosperm, seed coat), region (embryo proper, suspensor), and tissue (e.g., inner integument, endothelium, seed coat epidermis) throughout seed development. For example, what are the genes that are active in different embryonic regions shortly after fertilization (i.e., embryo proper, suspensor)? The genomes of both Arabidopsis and soybean have been sequenced and techniques to dissect gene function in both plants are well established. The focus of our experiments is to identify transcription factor genes that program differentiation events during seed formation. We are complementing our experiments by using high throughput sequencing, RNAi knock-down, promoter dissection, and bioinformatic experiments in order to determine how genes active in different seed parts are organized into regulatory networks that program seed development. The long-term goal of research being carried out in my laboratory is to understand “how to make a seed” in order to use this information for the improvement of crop plants.
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Nucleic Acids in Plantspp.3-40, (2018)
Jer-Young Lin,Brandon H Le, Min Chen,Kelli F Henry, Jungim Hur,Tzung-Fu Hsieh, Pao-Yang Chen,Julie M Pelletier, Matteo Pellegrini,Robert L Fischer, John J Harada,Robert B Goldberg
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