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My main research area is the deciphering of processes occurring during continental collision and associated mountain building. High mountains such as the Himalayas, Rockies or Andes are an impressive active demonstration of the power of the processes acting during collision of the lithospheric plates on Earth's surface. Geophysical evidence indicates thicknesses of crustal rocks of well above 60 km in these regions - crustal thicknesses much greater than the normally expected 30-40 km found in continental interiors. An increasing number of metamorphic complexes reveal mineralogical evidence, such as the presence of coesite, diamond or exsolved pyroxene in garnet (former majorite) of even greater burial depths implying deep subduction of continental crust. Rocks in the deep root zones of present-day mountain belts or in subduction zones will be undergoing mineralogical and textural changes - metamorphism - due to changes in the temperature and pressure of their surroundings. However, these rocks are too deeply buried for us to extract them by deep drilling - the deepest boreholes at present reach depths of only 9-14 km (KTB, Windischeschenbach, Germany, and Kola Peninsula, Russia) - and so our only guides to the processes acting in the deep crust of mountain belts are the results of theoretical models or, more importantly, the 'eye-witnesses' themselves, i.e. metamorphic rocks exposed by processes of extension and/or erosion in ancient and modern collision belts. Such rocks contain an encoded record of the magnitude and duration of material and energy transport resulting from plate collision. The task of the petrologist is to identify and extract such evidence from the most reliable 'eye-witnesses' and thus reconstruct rates of burial/exhumation, heating/cooling and mineral growth/breakdown as well as determine the extremes of pressure and temperature experienced by the rocks. This key information about rates and extremes from Mother Nature's experiments provides the critical boundary conditions without which theoretical modelling would only be of limited use.
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Alessia Borghini,Silvio Ferrero,Patrick O'Brien,Bernd Wunder,Peter Tollan,Jarosław Majka, Rico Fuchs, Kerstin Gresky
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Alessia Borghini,Silvio Ferrero,Patrick J. O'Brien,Bernd Wunder,Peter Tollan,Jaroslaw Majka, Rico Fuchs, Kerstin Gresky
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGYno. 2 (2024): 279-300
American Mineralogistno. 12 (2022): 2315-2319
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