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Cocaine addiction remains one of the critical medical and public health problems facing both the United States and other countries today with numbers running into the millions. Marian's contributions in the area of cocaine research fall in two principal areas. The initial one was to develop techniques for studying the effects of cocaine in humans. Hers was the first laboratory in the United States, in the mid-1970s at the University of Chicago, to be given permission to administer cocaine to human subjects and the first funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse for that work. In spite of 25 years of safe and productive research with this technique, now carried out at a number of universities including Johns Hopkins, Yale, Minnesota, and University of California at San Francisco, it remains the subject of controversy, which at times boils over into vituperative articles in the media. Marian became an articulate spokesman for both the importance of this research and how to carry it out safely and ethically. As she said in an interview, “This research is badly needed. Not to do it would be unethical.” Marian's laboratory was the first to correlate behavioral and physiological effects with cocaine blood levels in humans, the first to combine these measures in carrying out parametric studies of drug interactions in humans, and the first to develop a laboratory model for studying stimulant self-administration by humans. Such knowledge has been vital to understanding the patterns of cocaine use and possible interventions. Her work was the most systematic human research on cocaine since Freud's “Uber Coca” in 1885. Her second focus was on a method for evaluating potential medications to treat stimulant abuse using a laboratory-based model. This approach provides a bridge between pre-clinical studies with nonhumans and large-scale outpatient trials, contributing an improved basis for developing treatment interventions in substance abuse disorders. Her cocaine research led to her receiving in 1987 the first NIDA Merit Award, which provided 10 years of funding for her research grant, “Cocaine Effects in Humans: Physiology and Behavior.” Her cocaine work was carried out over these years with her longtime collaborator, Richard Foltin.
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Cocaine Abusepp.181-207, (1998)
mag(1996)
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