Dr. Neglia's area of research involves the long-term effects of cancer therapy in cancer survivors and the occurrence of second malignancies following childhood cancer. He is nationally and internationally recognized for his contributions to the field of childhood cancer long-term effects. He currently is Principal Investigator at the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota for the Children's Oncology Group (COG), and the vice-chair of the Voting Body of the COG. Dr. Neglia is also Principal Investigator of an American Cancer Society Grant investigating neuro-behavioral outcomes of children recently treated for leukemia.

Dr. Neglia has been involved in numerous service activities both within and outside of the University of Minnesota. He is an active member of Children's Oncology Group, American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, and Masonic Cancer Center at the University of Minnesota. He regularly reviews manuscripts for numerous journals including the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, and Cancer among others. At the University level, he has been elected as an alternate member of the University Senate and developed and directed the original Cancer Center Database.