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My research interests combine fundamental vision science with applied and clinical research, which underpins a long record of research achievement and wider impact. The work on camouflage carried out for the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment led to new insights into the processing of luminance and colour signals with important applications in colour vision assessment. Extensive studies in ‘normal’ trichromats and in subjects with congenital colour deficiency, including genetic analysis of cone pigment genes, yielded useful information on the relative importance of the various factors that contribute to variability within normal trichromacy and can cause loss of chromatic sensitivity in congenital deficiency. Over 2000 subjects were investigated and the data provided both the statistical limits of variability in normal trichromats as well as the patterns of colour vision loss that are characteristic of subjects with deutan- or protan-like deficiency. Data from Rayleigh colour matches and mathematical modelling of match parameters yielded further useful information on how changes in the optical density, spectral responsivity and variation in the relative numbers of L and M cones in the retina affect chromatic sensitivity. With support from the UK Civil Aviation Authority, we developed the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test which incorporates the knowledge gained from earlier studies. The test achieves high chromatic sensitivity with complete isolation of colour signals and has found important applications in occupational environments and the clinic. Further studies carried out in 450 subjects assessed the effects of ‘normal’ aging on monocular and binocular chromatic sensitivity. The age-corrected statistical limits of normal colour vision obtained from these studies make the CAD test particularly useful within ophthalmology by detecting acquired loss of chromatic sensitivity in the earliest stages of retinal disease. Other fundamental and clinical research studies followed with important findings in colour constancy, blindsight, pupillometry and mesopic photometry. My interest in the development of research instrumentation and measurement techniques continued steadily over decades and led to new methods for investigating mesopic vision, instrumentation for pupillometry, eye movements, spatial and chromatic vision, and also the effects of scattered light in the eye. The P_SCAN system makes binocular measurements of pupil size and eye-movements and has been used throughout the world for two decades. This instrument and associated visual stimuli enabled the discovery of new components of the pupil response that require the processing of stimulus attributes such as colour or motion in central areas of the visual cortex. The system also made possible studies on ‘Blindsight’, many of which were carried out with MRC support.
As a Fulbright Scholar, I worked as a Visiting Professor at the Center for Visual Science at the University of Rochester, N.Y. This work led to studies of mesopic vision supported by DTI (scales for the mesopic range), the EU (Mesopic Optimization of Visual Efficiency) and the DfT (medical aspects of fitness to drive). This was followed by EPSRC grants on “Minimizing Glare in Lighting Installations” and “Mesopic Optimization of Residential Street Lighting”. These studies supported the development of several Advanced Vision and Optometric Tests (AVOT), initially for research studies and later for more precise assessment of vision in visually-demanding environments such as aviation and rail transport. The CAD (Colour Assessment and Diagnosis) is now used throughout the world to assess pilots, firefighters, seafarers, police officers and air traffic controllers. The AVOT tests are marketed by a City University spin out company with applications within ophthalmology and visually demanding occupations.
The £2.3 M awarded to the Centre for Applied Vision Research in 2005 for laboratory refurbishment by the Wellcome Trust & City University triggered the formation of The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Vision Sciences. Significant laboratory refurbishments carried out during the past few years and sponsorship for projects designed to promote industrial and clinical applications of vision research strengthened the CAVR which is now internationally recognised as a leading centre in visual psychophysics and colour vision research.
Research Interests
Papers共 307 篇Author StatisticsCo-AuthorSimilar Experts
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PloS oneno. 5 (2024): e0302459-e0302459
Megan Hannah Vaughan,Nicole Tay,Angelos Kalitzeos,Thomas Kane, Nav Singh, Adrian Zheng, Mira Dixit,Bishwanath Pal,Ranjan Rajendram,Konstantinos Balaskas, Khadra Adnan,Marisa Rodriguez-Carmona,
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCEno. 8 (2023)
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Acta Ophthalmologicano. S275 (2022)
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Acta Ophthalmologicano. S275 (2022)
Encyclopedia of Ophthalmologyno. S275 (2022): 1-2
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#Papers: 311
#Citation: 6703
H-Index: 38
G-Index: 71
Sociability: 6
Diversity: 3
Activity: 9
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