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Ion Gresser, a virologist who transformed understanding of the roles of interferons, may be best remembered for showing that in mice, interferon-α (IFN-α) can produce acute and chronic disease. At the time Gresser began these studies, interferon was considered to be a selective antiviral substance, harmless to uninfected cells and organisms, and there was no indication that cytokines would play a role in pathogenesis.
Gresser subsequently demonstrated that antibodies to IFN-α can protect young mice from death caused by infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. This study can be considered a stepping-stone for the therapeutic application of antibodies to cytokines in the treatment of human disease, which was introduced much later and revolutionized the management of some autoimmune diseases.
Since its first description by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann in 1957, interferon was believed to be important in an organism’s resistance to viral infection and was thought to have the potential to become as useful in the treatment of viral diseases as penicillin and other antibiotics had turned out to be for infections caused by bacteria. Gresser made substantial contributions to the body of knowledge about interferon that is now taken for granted. His early studies of mouse models of viral infections established that injections of IFN-α can indeed protect mice from viral infection. Gresser was among the first investigators to explore the potential of interferons in the control of malignancies in animal models, showing that it can protect mice not only from leukemias caused by viruses but also from solid tumors and metastatic cancer. Those findings contributed to the original optimism about the potential usefulness of interferons not only in the treatment of viral infections but also in the control of cancer in humans. Unfortunately, those expectations were generally not borne out by later clinical trials. Although interferon therapies would show moderate efficacy in the control of some viral infections, such as chronic active infection with hepatitis virus B or C, and even more modest results in some malignancies, the benefits fell short of the initial expectations.
Gresser subsequently demonstrated that antibodies to IFN-α can protect young mice from death caused by infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. This study can be considered a stepping-stone for the therapeutic application of antibodies to cytokines in the treatment of human disease, which was introduced much later and revolutionized the management of some autoimmune diseases.
Since its first description by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann in 1957, interferon was believed to be important in an organism’s resistance to viral infection and was thought to have the potential to become as useful in the treatment of viral diseases as penicillin and other antibiotics had turned out to be for infections caused by bacteria. Gresser made substantial contributions to the body of knowledge about interferon that is now taken for granted. His early studies of mouse models of viral infections established that injections of IFN-α can indeed protect mice from viral infection. Gresser was among the first investigators to explore the potential of interferons in the control of malignancies in animal models, showing that it can protect mice not only from leukemias caused by viruses but also from solid tumors and metastatic cancer. Those findings contributed to the original optimism about the potential usefulness of interferons not only in the treatment of viral infections but also in the control of cancer in humans. Unfortunately, those expectations were generally not borne out by later clinical trials. Although interferon therapies would show moderate efficacy in the control of some viral infections, such as chronic active infection with hepatitis virus B or C, and even more modest results in some malignancies, the benefits fell short of the initial expectations.
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médecine/sciencesno. 3 (2019)
Michael G. Tovey,Jean Gugenheim, Jacqueline Guymarho,Brigitte Blanchard,Catherine Vanden Broecke,Ion Gresser, Henri Bismuth,Michel Reynes
Nature Geneticsno. 3 (2003): 388-391
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