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Gauge theories in elementary particle physics.
This was the topic of the 1999 Nobel Prize. An idea was proposed by C.N. Yang and Robert Mills in 1954: they suggested that particles in the sub-atomic world might interact via fields that are similar to, but more general than electricity and magnetism. But, even though the interactions that had been registered in experiments showed some vague resemblance to the Yang-Mills equations, the details seemed to be all wrong. Attempts to perform accurate calculations were frustrated by infinite - hence meaningless - results. Together with my advisor then, and my co-Nobel-laureate now, M. Veltman, I found in 1970 how to renormalize the theory, and, more importantly, we identified the theories for which this works, and what conditions they must fulfil. One must, for instance, have a so-called Higgs-particle. These theories are now called gauge theories.
This was the topic of the 1999 Nobel Prize. An idea was proposed by C.N. Yang and Robert Mills in 1954: they suggested that particles in the sub-atomic world might interact via fields that are similar to, but more general than electricity and magnetism. But, even though the interactions that had been registered in experiments showed some vague resemblance to the Yang-Mills equations, the details seemed to be all wrong. Attempts to perform accurate calculations were frustrated by infinite - hence meaningless - results. Together with my advisor then, and my co-Nobel-laureate now, M. Veltman, I found in 1970 how to renormalize the theory, and, more importantly, we identified the theories for which this works, and what conditions they must fulfil. One must, for instance, have a so-called Higgs-particle. These theories are now called gauge theories.
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Gerard 't Hooft,William D. Phillips,Anton Zeilinger,Roland Allen,Jim Baggott,Francois R. Bouchet, Solange M. G. Cantanhede, Lazaro A. M. Castanedo, Ana Maria Cetto,Alan A. Coley, Bryan J. Dalton, Peyman Fahimi,
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