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M cells and Mucosal Immune Surveillance
Mucosal surfaces in the lung and intestine are exposed to environmental antigens and allergens and, in the case of the intestine, abundant food antigens. They are also exposed to a variety of infectious organisms such as viruses (influenza, polio, SARS, HIV), bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, anthrax), and parasites (Toxoplasma). The mucosal immune system must be able to identify pathogenic infectious agents and respond to them without reacting to beneficial commensal bacteria, nor developing allergic responses to food or environmental antigens.
At mucosal surfaces, epithelial cells provide a tight barrier to entry into the body, but the immune system also induces the development of specialized epithelial cells called M cells to detect the presence of infectious organisms. These M cells are selective gatekeepers that capture particles such as viruses and bacteria for delivery to cells of the immune system waiting below the epithelial layer. Our laboratory has been studying the development of M cells and the mechanisms used by M cells in their surveillance of the mucosal tissues.
Mucosal Epithelial Barrier and Selective Particle Uptake
Using a variety of experimental systems, we have followed the uptake of microparticles by intestinal and airway M cells. The selective binding and uptake of particles by M cells suggests that an active process is involved in the capture and transport of particles from the lumen of the intestine to the underlying lamina propria. We demonstrated that the initial capture of the luminal particles is greatly aided by electrostatic interactions between negative charged biological particles (e.g., bacteria or viruses) and the membrane of M cells. Further uptake and transport of these particles remains to be fully understood, but we have shown that specific cellular machinery including tight junction proteins such as claudins are actively recruited into the uptake process. We have developed technologies to exploit this phenomenon for M cell targeting of mucosal vaccines, essentially providing a route for “needle-free” vaccination.
Environmental Exposure at the Salton Sea and Potential Links to Childhood Asthma
In the Eastern Coachella Valley bordering the Salton Sea, asthma is a significant medical burden among residents. While there are a number of social and economic disparities that could potentially contribute to this health issue, we are testing the hypothesis that environmental exposure to dusts and related aerosols generated at the drying Salton Sea may be an important factor. In collaboration with researchers in the BREATHE center (breathe.ucr.edu) and the Center for Health Disparities Research (healthdisparities.ucr.edu), we are examining the aerosols generated in the region and their biological effects in models of lung inflammation and asthma.
M cells and Mucosal Immune Surveillance
Mucosal surfaces in the lung and intestine are exposed to environmental antigens and allergens and, in the case of the intestine, abundant food antigens. They are also exposed to a variety of infectious organisms such as viruses (influenza, polio, SARS, HIV), bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, anthrax), and parasites (Toxoplasma). The mucosal immune system must be able to identify pathogenic infectious agents and respond to them without reacting to beneficial commensal bacteria, nor developing allergic responses to food or environmental antigens.
At mucosal surfaces, epithelial cells provide a tight barrier to entry into the body, but the immune system also induces the development of specialized epithelial cells called M cells to detect the presence of infectious organisms. These M cells are selective gatekeepers that capture particles such as viruses and bacteria for delivery to cells of the immune system waiting below the epithelial layer. Our laboratory has been studying the development of M cells and the mechanisms used by M cells in their surveillance of the mucosal tissues.
Mucosal Epithelial Barrier and Selective Particle Uptake
Using a variety of experimental systems, we have followed the uptake of microparticles by intestinal and airway M cells. The selective binding and uptake of particles by M cells suggests that an active process is involved in the capture and transport of particles from the lumen of the intestine to the underlying lamina propria. We demonstrated that the initial capture of the luminal particles is greatly aided by electrostatic interactions between negative charged biological particles (e.g., bacteria or viruses) and the membrane of M cells. Further uptake and transport of these particles remains to be fully understood, but we have shown that specific cellular machinery including tight junction proteins such as claudins are actively recruited into the uptake process. We have developed technologies to exploit this phenomenon for M cell targeting of mucosal vaccines, essentially providing a route for “needle-free” vaccination.
Environmental Exposure at the Salton Sea and Potential Links to Childhood Asthma
In the Eastern Coachella Valley bordering the Salton Sea, asthma is a significant medical burden among residents. While there are a number of social and economic disparities that could potentially contribute to this health issue, we are testing the hypothesis that environmental exposure to dusts and related aerosols generated at the drying Salton Sea may be an important factor. In collaboration with researchers in the BREATHE center (breathe.ucr.edu) and the Center for Health Disparities Research (healthdisparities.ucr.edu), we are examining the aerosols generated in the region and their biological effects in models of lung inflammation and asthma.
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Frontiers in immunology (2024): 1400739-1400739
American Journal of Gastroenterology (2023)
Keziyah Yisrael,Ryan W. Drover,Malia L. Shapiro, Martha Anguiano,Nala Kachour,Qi Li, Emily Tran,David R. Cocker III,David D. Lo
PLOS ONEno. 11 (2023): e0289373-e0289373
npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicineno. 1 (2023): 1-7
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicineno. 7 (2023): 577-596
Expert review of respiratory medicinepp.1-20, (2023)
NATUREno. 7991 (2023): E4-E4
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