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The high-efficiency genetic transformation in S. pneumoniae reflects a brief, coordinated differentiation of virtually all cells in a culture for synthesis of several score of new proteins, just on those rare occasions when a culture becomes transformable. The most prominent such protein coats DNA strands as soon as they are pumped into the competent cell. Another is an extracellular peptide pheromone, which coordinates the differentiation throughout a culture. Others' roles are not yet fully known. We have used DNA microarrays for mRNA expression profiling to identify ~80 genes with strongly altered expression in competent cultures. Seven of these specify the quorum-sensing circuit that senses population density, more specify the machinery for DNA uptake and recombination, and others supply weapons to kill nearby cells and expose their DNA for sampling. Recently, we identified a new competence regulator, ComW, and are characterizing its biochemical role. Finally, using comparative genomic methods, we have discovered evidence that this mechanism of horizontal gene transfer is not limited to S. pneumoniae, but actually is at work throughout the entire genus Streptococcus.
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Journal of bacteriologyno. 7 (2023): e0008723-e0008723
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