His research interests focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and autoimmunity in chronic rheumatic conditions particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). He was the Chief Investigator of the first 2 stratified, biopsy­driven, multicentre, randomised clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which were funded by the NIHR and MRC/VA (R4RA and STRAP). The results of the R4RA trial were published in The Lancet in January 2021. These RCTs are the first worldwide biopsy-driven trials that span the disease course from early to late RA and are synchronised for drug exposure. This programme has led to the definition of specific pathobiological phenotypes linked to clinical and treatment response endotypes, as recently published in Cell Reports (August 2019) for early RA. The ultimate goal of the programme is the delineation of synovial specific signatures able to define a new taxonomy of disease integrating clinical and molecular pathology algorithms to more accurately predict prognosis and treatment response prior to initiation of potentially toxic and expensive therapies, in order to give the right drug to the right patients first time: towards precision medicine.