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The main thrust of my research is to develop the genetic models that are needed to ensure the future successful exploration for economic deposits of metallic minerals. Many of these deposits form as a result of metal transport by fluids, mainly hydrothermal, and the subsequent precipitation of these metals in response to changes in physico-chemical conditions. In some cases, the fluids are of magmatic origin and there is often an intimate relationship between fluids and magmatic processes of metal concentration. The primary objectives of my research group are thus to determine the nature of such fluids (and melts), identify the factors which control their ability to dissolve high concentrations of metals, and establish the mechanisms which form ore deposits. In order to meet these objectives, we combine studies of natural systems, which can be used to reconstruct the environments of metal transport and deposition, with analytical, experimental and theoretical studies designed to evaluate the behaviour of the metals in fluids and magmas, and model the processes of ore formation.
Some recent contributions of my research have demonstrated that: 1) aqueous vapour can play a major role in metal transport in porphyry/epithermal ore-forming systems; 2) hydrocarbons can transport metals in concentrations sufficient to form ore deposits, and may have been contributed to the formation of MVT deposits and metal-rich black shales; 3) colloidal processes may be essential for the formation of ultra-high grade gold deposits, and not all Archean gold deposits are products of the widely accepted orogenic model; 4) the REE and strategic metals are concentrated to economic levels by a combination of magmatic (liquid immiscibility) and hydrothermal processes, and that the highly sought after heavy REE are effectively fractionated from the light REE by their lower solubility in hydrothermal fluids; 5) battery metals such as Co reach their highest concentrations as a result of redox dependent hydrothermal processes, and that aqueous fluids are essential to the formation of Li-rich pegmatites; 6) contrary to conventional wisdom, U can be transported in concentrations sufficient to form ore deposits by reduced hydrothermal fluids; and 7) the hydrothermal transport of W and Mo in granitic systems is dominated by fluorine- and sodium-bearing species, respectively, instead of simple tungstate and molybdate species.
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GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETINno. 3-4 (2024): 1171-1184
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americano. 21 (2024): e2402116121-e2402116121
American Mineralogistno. 7 (2023): 1384-1398
AMERICAN MINERALOGISTno. 1 (2023): 160-177
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2023): 138-150
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