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Long before developments in density functional theory revealed the roles of different electrons in the chemistry and physics of rare earth compounds, Karl had predicted that the 4f electrons may impart the principal influence on structure and properties of lanthanide alloys. The mechanism, as we know it today, is 4f electron hybridization with the atoms' own 5d electrons and also with valence and conduction electrons of partner atoms, which is the key to design of materials for applications that involve rare earth and transition metal magnetism.
Karl's research career involved two more breakthrough achievements: discovery of the giant magnetocaloric effect in a rare earth compound, Gd5Si2Ge2, and demonstration of the first successful near-room-temperature magnetic refrigerator which operated for nearly 20 months. Both were announced in 1997, and triggered a technological revolution — numerous research clusters worldwide began investigating this effect, and their combined efforts may result in the replacement of conventional vapour-compression refrigeration systems with highly efficient, environmentally friendly solid-state caloric cooling devices.
Karl's research career involved two more breakthrough achievements: discovery of the giant magnetocaloric effect in a rare earth compound, Gd5Si2Ge2, and demonstration of the first successful near-room-temperature magnetic refrigerator which operated for nearly 20 months. Both were announced in 1997, and triggered a technological revolution — numerous research clusters worldwide began investigating this effect, and their combined efforts may result in the replacement of conventional vapour-compression refrigeration systems with highly efficient, environmentally friendly solid-state caloric cooling devices.
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