Editing of TOM1 gene in tobacco using CRISPR/Cas9 confers resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus

Background Genome editing technology has become one of the excellent tools for precise plant breeding to develop novel plant germplasm. The Tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV ) is the most prominent pathogen that infects several Solanaceae plants, such as tobacco, tomato, and capsicum, which requires critical host factors for infection and replication of its genomic RNA in the host. The Tobamovirus multiplication ( TOM ) genes, such as TOM1 , TOM 2A, TOM 2B, and TOM 3, are involved in the multiplication of Tobamoviruses. TOM1 is a transmembrane protein necessary for efficient TMV multiplication in several plant species. The TOM genes are crucial recessive resistance genes that act against the tobamoviruses in various plant species. Methods and results The single guided RNA (sgRNA) was designed to target the first exon of the NtTOM1 gene and cloned into the pHSE401 vector. The pHSE401- NtTOM1 vector was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and then transformed into tobacco plants. The analysis on T0 transgenic plants showed the presence of the hptII and Cas9 transgenes. The sequence analysis of the NtTOM1 from T0 plants showed the indels. Genotypic evaluation of the NtTOM1 mutant lines displayed the stable inheritance of the mutations in the subsequent generations of tobacco plants. The NtTOM1 mutant lines successfully conferred resistance to TMV . Conclusions CRISPR/Cas genome editing is a reliable tool for investigating gene function and precision breeding across different plant species, especially the species in the Solanaceae family.